The article is a fine primer on corrosion and the author does a decent job of bringing the issue down to the level of the reader. As he states at the end, corrosion is far more complex than can be stated in a 2 page article … there are thick textbooks written on the subject!
The zinc anode adds a LAYER of protection to the heater but it will not solve all forms of corrosion. Draft air style heaters tend to suffer from more from their burner trays corroding than any other part as it is simply the part of the heater that sees the most extreme swings. Anyone that has ever taken apart a gas BBQ grill to repair/replace parts knows what combustion gases can do to any metallic components. Honestly, if a person wanted to keep a heater going like that, you’d replace the burner tray every other year.
So how much will a zinc anode delay corrosion failure … hard to say. It really depends a lot on how the unit is operated and what it is exposed to. It will solve one form of corrosion but there are many others that can take place.
As with all things pool related, preventative maintenance with a good schedule of replacement activities would go a long way to keeping pools running trouble free. Manufacturers could do a lot more in informing pool owners what parts should be replaced and when with ample spares on hand to sell to consumers but they don’t. And so most pool owners simply have to wait until something fails and then figure out how to get it fixed. But I suspect if a person saw a preventative maintenance flow chart for a piece of equipment with life cycle costs for spare parts, they’d never build a pool in the first place