That is a pretty large pump so it will prime at a little higher elevation. But you are probably still near the limits of the pump. Normally, you shouldn't need 10-12 tries to prime a pump. In a properly designed system, it should prime the first time.
Not a check valve but a regular valve near the basin.
Try this:
1) Make sure the basin is close to 1/2 filled. It looks a little low in water which makes it that much harder to prime.
2) Close the manual valve right before the pump
3) Fill the pump basket with water until it overflows
4) Put the pump lid back on as tight as possible
5) Turn on the pump first and then immediately open the suction side valve